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Vietnam boasts a labour force of almost 60 million workers, growing by over 1 million per annum. 35% of these are generation Y born between 1976 and 1995. Almost 95% of the labour force are literate and over 88%x were enrolled in secondary school, whilst 5% are proficient English and over 10% are considered highly skilled. Of this work force 42% are engaged in the agricultural sector, 35% in the service sector and 23% in industry.

The Government has just approved a new decree 63/2018/ND-CP which will come into effect in June 2018, governing PPP projects. The expectations are that the new decree which replaces Decree15/2015 ND-CP will have a positive effect on PPP and BOT projects. This will also be a forerunner on a new law on PPP to be submitted to the National Assembly in November 2019 for approval in May 2020.

Five years after the global financial crisis struck, residual effects continue to impact public financial management (PFM) in countries throughout the world.